Chronological History of the Polish People<br> and the Polish State up to WWI

San José State University Department of Economics

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Chronological History of the Polish People
and the Polish State up to WWI

996 AD: Prince Mieszko is converted to Christianity.
1025: Boleslaw (Boris) I is accepted by the diverse factions of Poles as king.

Poland After the Reign of Boleslaw I

1079: Stanislaw, the bishop of Kraków dies a martyr.
1226: The Mongol-Turkish armies of Genghis Khan invade Eastern Europe, including Poland. Undefeated the Mongol-Turkish army retreats to Mongolia to participate in a regime change.
1320: After a period of disorganization of central authority Wladyslaw Lokietek gains recognition as the King of Poland.
1333-1370: The reign of Kazimierz III (Casimir the Great).

Poland After the Reign of Casimir the Great

1364: The University of Kraków is founded.
1385: The union of Poland and Lithuania, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, is established under the rule of the Jagiellon family. The Jagiellon dynasty lasts until 1572.
1410: The armies of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth defeated the Teutonic Knights at Tannenberg (Grunwald).

The Commonwealth of Poland and Lithuania
after the defeat of the Teutonic Knights

1526: The armies of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth are defeated at Mohács and lose control of Hungary and Bohemia.
1569: The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth renewed via the Union of Lublin.
1572: The hereditary rule by the Jagiellons is ended. The monarch is to be chosen by election among the aristocrats.
1648-1667: A period of internal rebellion and foreign invasion.
1683: The siege of Vienna by the Ottoman Turks is broken by King Jan Sobieski.
1700-1725: Czar Peter the Great of the Russian Empire establishes effective control of Poland.
1764: Stanislaw August Poniatowski is elected king of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth. He turned out to be the last king of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth.
1772-1773: Parts of Poland are taken over by the Austrian, Prussian and Russian empires. This was only the first such partition of Poland.
1791: The practice of election of the Polish monarch is ended and Poland returns to hereditary kingship.
1794:

Tadeusz Kosciuszko leads rebellion in Poland against foreign domination.

1795: A third partition of Poland, by Austria, Prussia and Russia, ends Polish independence.
1807: Napoleon Bonaparte establishes a semi-independent Duchy of Warsaw.
1813: Duchy of Warsaw is eliminated when Russia recaptures Poland. The Congress of Vienna repartitions Poland.
1830-1831: Unsuccessful rebellion in the Russian-dominated Kingdom of Poland.
1846: Unsuccessful rebellion in the Austrian-controlled section of Poland.
1863-1864: Another unsuccessful rebellion in the Russian-dominated section of Poland.

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